There was large-scale
industrial production for an international
market not based on factories. It was controlled by merchants and the goods were produced by a vast number of
producers working within their family farms,
not in factories.
17th and 18th century: Merchants from
the towns of Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to
peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for an international market.
Merchants offered advances for producing clothes for them at a time when open
fields were disappearing and commons were being enclosed. Income from proto-industrial
production supplemented their shrinking Income from cultivation.
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